Evidence-based recommendations on fetal vesico–amniotic shunt for lower urinary tract outflow obstruction. This involves inserting a cannula through the mother's abdominal and uterine walls into the ...

Women often undergo early caesareans or induced labour following detection of decreased amniotic fluid volume, because this is seen as a sign of foetal distress. While no gold standard exists for ...

A fetal pleural effusion may be associated with many different conditions, such as chromosomal abnormalities, congenital malformations, chylothorax, anaemia, heart defects and infections. Some resolve ...

Amniocentesis describes the extraction of amniotic fluid through the abdominal wall (i.e., through a transabdominal approach with ultrasound guidance). This procedure is performed by a trained ...